Online Assignment - Projected Aids in Teaching Social Science
Online Assignment
Major Projected aids in
Teaching social science
INTRODUCTION
The process of teaching – learning depends upon the different type of equipment available in the classroom. There are many aids available these days like, audio, visual and audio- visual aids. They have very much importance in TLP (Teaching Learning Process)
Meaning of Teaching Aids:
In the teaching of social studies at upper primary level teaching material serve as a means to help a teacher to introduce or explain a topic effectively. Fair or well-planned teaching takes place in the presence of teaching aid only. Teaching material makes the teaching-learning process interesting by breaking the dullness in the classroom. Effective teaching aids increase the process of the teaching-learning process. Teaching material activates the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains of students learning.
Purpose of using teaching learning materials;
Various serves the purpose of using teaching-learning material in social science teaching
1.Teaching-learning materials helps in making learning easy.
2.Teaching-learning materials helps in making learning to remain in the minds of the learners for a longer time.
3.Teaching-learning materials helps in making the lesson more interesting.
4.Teaching-learning materials enable the teacher to express the intended concepts of learning effectively.
5.Teaching aids in social studies helps in illustrating natural phenomena like volcano, rain, earthquake etc.
6.Teaching aid in social studies teaching helps to define an idea, concept in a better way. For example: to explain the direction in a map or on a globe.
7. aid is helpful in refreshing and reinforcing students learning when there is a difficulty in creating real atmosphere or situation related to the topic.
Need of Teaching Aids
1) Every individual has the tendency to forget. Proper use of teaching aids helps to retain more concept permanently.
2) Students can learn better when they are motivated properly through different teaching aids
3) Teaching aids develop the proper image when the students see, hear taste and smell properly
4) Teaching aids provide complete example for conceptual thinking
5) The teaching aids create the environment of interest for the students.
6) Teaching aids helps to increase the vocabulary of the students.
7) Teaching aids helps the teacher to get sometime and make learning permanent
8) Teaching aids provide direct experience to the students.
Need of Teaching Aids
1) Every individual has the tendency to forget. Proper use of teaching aids helps to retain more concept permanently.
2) Students can learn better when they are motivated properly through different teaching aids
3) Teaching aids develop the proper image when the students see, hear taste and smell properly
4) Teaching aids provide complete example for conceptual thinking
5) The teaching aids create the environment of interest for the students.
6) Teaching aids helps to increase the vocabulary of the students.
7) Teaching aids helps the teacher to get sometime and make learning permanent
8) Teaching aids provide direct experience to the students.
TYPES OF TEACHING AIDS
The process of teaching – learning depends upon the different type of equipment available in
the classroom. There are many aids available these days like, audio, visual and audio- visual
aids. They have very much importance in TLP (Teaching Learning Process)
There are many aids available these days. We may classify these aids as follows;
Audio – Visual Aids
1.VISUAL AIDS
The aids which use sense of vision are called Visual aids. For example :- actual objects, models,
pictures, charts, maps, flash cards, flannel board, bulletin board, chalkboard, overhead
projector, slides etc. Out of these black board and chalk are the commonest ones.
2. AUDIO AIDS
The aids that involve the sense of hearing are called Audio aids. For example :- radio, tape
recorder, gramophone etc.
3.AUDIO - VISUAL AIDS
The aids which involve the sense of vision as well as hearing are called Audio- Visual aids.
For example :- television, film projector, film strips etc.
PROJECTED TEACHING AIDS
Learning is the modification of behavior through experiences. The basic learning experience has
to be received by the people through his séances, as they are the gateways to knowledge. Most of
such experience enters through one’s eyes and ears. Materials that help to make learning
experiences clear and vivid by appealing to these senses are called audio visual aids. The effective
application of such aids is known as the audio visual technology.
Audio visual aids may be classification to projected aids, non projected aids and activity aids. A
projected aid is one in which item to be observed are projected on a screen using mechanical
devices. These aids are found to be very effective because movement can be added to sound and
hence a realistic experience can be provided.
The various types of Projected aids are as follows
1. OVER HEAD PROJECTOR:
The over head projector is the most used in all a.v. aids. It projects transparencies with brilliant
screen images suitable for use in a lighted room. The teacher can write or draw diagrams on the
transparency while he teaches; these are projected simultaneously on the screen by the OHP.
During presentation:
• Keep the screen above the heads of the participants.
• Keep the screen in full view of participants
• Make sure you are not blocking any ones view when presenting.
• Darken the room appropriately by blocking out sunshine and dimming near by.
• Turn the screen off between slides if you are going to talk for more than two.
• Talk to the audience, not to the screen
PURPOSE
• To develop concepts and sequences in a subject matter area.
• To make marginal notes on the transparencies for the use of the teacher that can carry
with out exposing them to the class.
• To test students performances, while other classmates observe.
• To show relationships by means of transparent overlays in contrasting color.
• To give the illusion of motion in the transparency.
ADVANTAGES:
It permits the teacher to stand in front of the class while using the projector, thus enabling her to
point out features appearing on the screen by pointing to the materials at the projector it self and
at the same time, to observe the students reactions to her discussion.
2.OVER HEAD TRANSPARENCIES:
Transparencies are popular instructional medium. They are simple to prepare and easy to prepare
and easy to operate with the over head projector which is light weight.
A 10*10 inches sheet with printed, written or drawn material is placed on the platform of the
projector and a large image is projected on a screen behind you. The projector is used from near
to the front of the room with the teacher standing or sitting beside, facing the student.
ADVANTAGES:
• Permits face to face interaction with the students.
• Can be used in daylight conditions.
• Can present information in systemic developmental sequences.
• Requires limited planning and can be prepared in variety medium available.
3. OPAQUE PROJECTOR
Opaque projector is the only projector on which you can project a variety of materials ex: – book
pages, objects, coins, postcards, or any other similar flat material that is non-transparent.
The opaque projector will project and simultaneously enlarge, directly from the originals, printed
matter, all kinds of written or pictorial matter in any sequence derived by the teacher. It requires a
dark room, as projector is large and not reality movables.
Advantages:
• Stimulates attention and arouses interest.
• Can project a wide range of materials like stamps, coins, specimen, when one copy is
available.
• Can be used for enlarging drawings, pictures and maps.
• Does not require any written or typed materials, hand-written material can be used.
• Helps students to retain knowledge for longer period.
• Review instructional problems.
• Test knowledge and ability.
• Simple operation.
Disadvantages:
• Costly equipment.
• Machine is bulky, heavy, cumbersome to move.
4.SLIDE PROJECTOR
A slide is a small piece of transparent material on which a single pictorial image or scene or graphic
image has been photographed or reproduced otherwise.
Slides are a form of projected media that are easy to prepare. They are still pictures on positive
film which you can process and mount individually yourself or send to a film laboratory. The
standard size of the slides is 2 “X 2 “any 35mm camera will make satisfactory slides.
Slides can be made from photographs and pictures by teachers and pupils taking photographs and
snapshots when they go on fieldtrips for historical, geographical, literacy or scientific excursions.
The arrangement of slides in proper sequence, according to the topic discussed, is an important
aspect of teaching with them.
ADVANTAGES:
1. Requires only filming, processing and mounting by self or laboratory.
2. Results in colorful, realistic, reproduction original subject.
3. Preparation with any 35mm camera for most uses.
4. Easy to revise and up-date.
5. Easily handled, stored and re-arranged for various uses.
6. Can be combined with tape narration or can control time for discussion.
7. May be adapted to group or individual use
5.FILM STRIPS AND FILM STRIP PROJECTOR
A filmstrip is a piece of non-inflammable safety film, 35 mm wide. Its length may vary
according to requirement and can be up to about one meter. One such strip may contain 10 to
50 picture frames. These pictures may constitute a connected series of drawings, photographs,
diagrams or a combination of these and illustrate a single sequence, theme or incident. The
picture may be in colour or in black and white. The filmstrips are projected by a filmstrip
projector. Projecting filmstrips especially along with record commentary provide realistic and
effective experience regarding a situation observed.
TYPES OF FILMSTRIP:
1) Discussion filmstrip: it is continuous strip of film consisting of individual frames
arranged in sequence usually with explanatory titles.
2) Sound slide film: it is similar to filmstrip but instead of explanatory titles or spoken
discussion recorded explanation is audible, which is synchronized with the pictures.
ADVANTAGES:
1) Are compact, easily handled and always in proper sequence.
2) Can be supplemented with recordings.
3) Are inexpensive when quantity reproduction is required.
4) Are useful for group or individual study at projection rate are controlled by instructor
or user.
5) Are projected with simple light weight equipment.
6.LCD PROJECTOR
LCD projector is the most advanced and sophisticated projecting aid. It is used to present
a topic in the classroom or in front of a large audience. We can demonstrate the real world situation
and its simulation in the classroom in a theatre-like atmosphere. In the area of educational
technology, we can replace all other projected and non projected aids with only a single LCD
projector and a computer system. We can present a topic by using computer made slides, graphics,
pictures, video clips, movies and special effects. We can bring the real world situation into the
classroom by way of movies and multimedia effects.
7.TELEVISION
Television also can be considered as a projected aid. But projection is made at a central
place, the T.V station. It is a very exciting and efficient means of mass communication.
Educational television programmer aim at education rather than entertainment. These programmes
can compensate for the scarcity of qualified teacher and lack of well equipped laboratories. A
teacher or specialist can render teaching sessions and pass information to millions of viewers all
over the world. Since the programmes are announced in advance, the institution can prepare the
pupils to closely attend the telecast. Television can provide a variety of interesting learning
experiences.
CONCLUSION
Audio visuals aids play an important role in the retention of the subject matter OT a long period
of time. Almost all the topics in the various subjects can be covered y audio visual aids. This is the
reason modem day class room is shifted from black D0ards to smart boards and projectors. It is a
production form of communication using sound and light effects. Not all people are visual or
auditory learners, the Combination of light and sound promotes and reinforces this retention and
enables e audience to better connect to the brand or message. Thus, making it easier for
psychologically relate and remember information once they have left the Event. So that the use of
Projected aids in teaching may help the students for better understanding of the concept and make
them more attractive towards learning.
REFERENCES
1.https://www.tetsuccesskey.com/2015/01/projected-av-aids-teaching-learning-process.html
2.https://www.digitalclassworld.com/blog/types-of-teaching-aids/
